The aim of this course is to introduce students to issues related to certain general principles in summative (formal) assessment of language performance. More particularly, the course will •explain language tests and their role in decision making (e.g. placement or diagnostic tests); •introduce the desirable qualities of tests (e.g. validity, reliability); •discuss the concept of backwash/washback effect; •provide overall instructions in the use of the various types of tests; •provide examples of types of test items that have been used in large-scale examinations; •illustrate specific points, principles and concepts that are important to the design, the development and use of language tests; •compare standardised tests; •present ways which public examination organizations use to assess language skills, vocabulary and grammar. Recommended reading: course textbook? YES Is there a list of readings? YES Assessment methods: Final exam